Utafiti & Viungo vya Data:
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Utafiti & Idara ya Takwimu
Karibu! Kwa utafiti katika ukurasa wa idara ya data. Ukurasa huu umejitolea Kwa watu wanaohitaji habari au wanaopitia mchakato wa kutafuta rasilimali. Hapa utapata nyenzo za kutumia katika harakati zako za kupata haki sawa za uzazi. kama wewe ni mteja au mfuasi, tafadhali jisajili ili kupata taarifa za kipekee za utafiti zinazotumwa kwako kupitia. barua pepe au ujumbe wa maandishi.
National Saving Fatherhood Foundation iliyojumuishwa, ingependa kusema asante na tunatazamia kukusaidia kuendeleza mapambano pamoja nawe kwenye barabara hii ngumu inayokuja. Kumbuka, wewe ni mshindi. Umechukua hatua ya kwanza kuonyesha kwamba unajijali wewe mwenyewe, watoto wako na jamii yako.
Asante!
Elimu & Hadithi
Kuandaa Akina Baba kwa Mafanikio ya Kuingia tena kwa Jumuiya
KWAPaige Thompson | Taasisi ya Mjini1
Muhtasari wa masuala
Asilimia tisini na mbili (626,800) ya wazazi waliofungwa katika magereza ya serikali na shirikisho ni akina baba, na wana takriban watoto milioni 1.3 walio chini ya umri wa miaka 18 (Maruschak et al., 2021). Makadirio ya hivi majuzi yanaonyesha kuwa zaidi ya watoto milioni 5 wamepitia kifungo cha mzazi gerezani au jela wakati fulani maishani mwao (Murphey & Cooper, 2015). Kulingana na utafiti wa awali, tunajua pia kwamba takriban nusu ya akina baba waliofungwa waliishi na watoto wao kabla ya kufungwa (Glaze & Maruschak, 2008). Hata hivyo, huenda nambari hizi zote ni za kukadiria, kwa sababu hakuna ukusanyaji wa data kwa utaratibu nchini Marekani kuhusu idadi ya wazazi ambao wamefungwa katika magereza ya serikali na serikali, pamoja na jela za mitaa au za kaunti. Pia, takwimu hizi hazijumuishi uzoefu wa kufungwa kwa wazazi katika maisha ya mzazi au mtoto. Wengi wa akina baba hawa hatimaye huondoka kwenye vituo vya kurekebisha tabia na lazima waanze kuelekeza mchakato wa kuingia tena, ambao unaleta changamoto kubwa za kimahusiano, kifedha na kibinafsi kwao na kwa watoto na familia zao. Akina baba lazima pia waangazie mchakato wa mkazo na wa muda wa kutii masharti ya muda wa majaribio na msamaha. Changamoto hizi zimechangiwa kwa akina baba wengi walio wachache ambao hawana uwakilishi kwa uwiano katika magereza na ambao familia zao mara nyingi tayari zinakabiliwa na changamoto za kipato cha chini na ukosefu wa usawa wa rangi. Zaidi ya hayo, tangu Machi 2020, janga la COVID-19 liliongeza uzoefu wa akina baba kutengwa na watoto wao kwa sababu ya kufungwa. Taasisi nyingi za urekebishaji zilisimamisha ziara za kibinafsi, zikiweka matatizo ya ziada kwa familia na kuongeza kutokuwa na uhakika wa afya, ustawi, na usalama wa wale waliofungwa wakati wa janga hilo (Barnert, 2020). Kwa hivyo, kuna hitaji kubwa la huduma zinazowahimiza akina baba wanaorejea kujenga upya na kuimarisha uhusiano wao na watoto na familia zao. Katika muhtasari huu wa habari, tunatoa muhtasari wa fasihi zilizopo kuhusu athari za kufungwa kwa akina baba na kuteka msingi wa utafiti ili kutambua na kueleza njia saba za kuwasaidia akina baba wanaorejea kushinda changamoto na kujenga upya na kuimarisha uhusiano na watoto wao, wazazi wao, na wenzi wao.
Kifungo husababisha matatizo ya kihisia na kifedha kwa akina baba na wenzi wao, wazazi wenza, wenzi wa ndoa na watoto. Matukio na masuala yaliyokuwepo kabla ya kufungwa kwa baba, kama vile ukosefu wa usawa wa rangi, kiwewe, mahitaji ya afya ya akili, matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya, na unyanyasaji wa marafiki wa karibu huzidisha mzigo kwenye juhudi zao za kurejesha na kudumisha uhusiano wao wa kifamilia wakati na baada ya kufungwa.
Muda Zaidi Ulitumia, Lakini Akina Baba Wachache Nyumbani
Wajibu wa mabadiliko ya baba nyumbani unaweza kupimwa kwa njia tofauti. Mbinu mojawapo ni kuangalia muda ambao akina baba hutumia kuwatunza watoto wao. Kubadilisha mitindo katika data ya matumizi husaidia kuonyesha ni kwa kiasi gani akina baba wanaoishi na watoto wao wamehusika zaidi katika maisha yao baada ya muda. Mnamo 1965, akina baba waliofunga ndoa na watoto walio na umri wa chini ya miaka 18 wanaoishi katika nyumba yao walitumia wastani wa saa 2.6 kwa juma kuwatunza watoto hao. Muda wa akina baba waliotumiwa kutunza watoto wao uliongezeka polepole katika miongo miwili iliyofuata—hadi saa 2.7 kwa wiki mwaka wa 1975 na saa 3 kwa wiki mwaka wa 1985. Kuanzia 1985 hadi 2000, muda ambao akina baba waliofunga ndoa walitumia pamoja na watoto wao uliongezeka zaidi ya maradufu – hadi saa 6.5 mwaka wa 2000. Kuanzia 1965 hadi 2000, akina mama walioolewa mara kwa mara walitumia muda mwingi zaidi kuliko akina baba walioolewa wanaowatunza watoto wao wachanga, ingawa pengo kati ya akina mama na baba kwa wakati uliotumiwa katika malezi ya watoto lilipungua sana.
Kando na mwelekeo huu kuelekea wakati mwingi unaotumiwa na watoto ni mwelekeo kuelekea watoto wengi wanaoishi mbali na baba zao. Kupungua kwa viwango vya ndoa na ongezeko la watoto wanaozaliwa nje ya ndoa na uzazi wa wenzi wengi kumetokeza mfumo tata wa familia na kumeongeza uwezekano kwamba akina baba hawataishi na watoto wao wote.2 Kulingana na NSFG, karibu nusu ya akina baba wote (46%) sasa wanaripoti kwamba angalau mmoja wa watoto wao alizaliwa nje ya ndoa, na 31% wanaripoti kuwa watoto wao wote walizaliwa nje ya ndoa. Aidha, baadhi ya asilimia 17 ya wanaume wenye watoto wa kibaiolojia wamezaa watoto hao na zaidi ya mwanamke mmoja.3
Je, Wewe ni Baba Mwema?
Kuwepo au kutokuwepo kwa baba nyumbani kunahusiana sana na jinsi anavyotathmini kazi anayofanya kama mzazi. Miongoni mwa akina baba wanaoishi na watoto wao angalau sehemu ya muda, karibu tisa kati ya kumi wanasema wanafanya kazi nzuri sana (44%) au nzuri (44%) kama baba kwa watoto hao. Asilimia 11 ya ziada hujiweka kama akina baba sawa, na chini ya 1% wanasema wanafanya kazi mbaya au isiyo nzuri sana kama baba.
Akina baba ambao hawaishi na watoto wao hujitathmini vibaya zaidi. Ni 19% tu wanasema wanafanya kazi nzuri sana kama baba kwa watoto wanaoishi mbali nao, na 30% wanasema wanafanya kazi nzuri. Mmoja kati ya wanne wanasema wanafanya kazi sawa, huku takriban wengi wakielezea uzazi wao kuwa si mzuri sana (13%) au mbaya (9%).
Kuhusu Ripoti
Ripoti hii inategemea hasa uchambuzi wa Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew cha Utafiti wa Kitaifa wa Ukuaji wa Familia wa 2006-08 (NSFG). NSFG inakusanya taarifa kuhusu maisha ya familia, ndoa na talaka, mimba, utasa, na afya ya wanaume na wanawake. Utafiti huo ni mpango unaoendelea wa Vituo vya U.S. vya Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa. Data iliyotumika kwa ripoti hii imetolewa kutoka Mzunguko wa 7, ambao ulikuwa utafiti endelevu uliofanywa kuanzia Juni 2006 hadi Juni 2010. Takwimu za 2006-08 zinatokana na mahojiano na wahojiwa 13,495 wenye umri wa miaka 15-44; 7,356 walikuwa wanawake na 6,139 wanaume. Isipokuwa imebainishwa vinginevyo, matokeo yote katika ripoti hii yanatoka kwa NSFG.
Matokeo ya uchunguzi mpya wa Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew yanakamilisha matokeo kutoka kwa NSFG. Utafiti wa Pew Research ulifanywa kwa njia ya simu ya mezani na simu ya rununu Mei 26-29 na Juni 2-5, 2011, kati ya sampuli wakilishi ya kitaifa ya watu wazima 2,006 wanaoishi katika bara la Marekani.
Chati za ripoti hii zilitayarishwa na Daniel Dockterman. Paul Taylor, mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew Social & Mradi wa Demografia wa Trends, ulitoa mwongozo wa uhariri. Wendy Wang alitoa maoni muhimu na usaidizi wa utafiti. Daniel Dockterman na Wendy Wang walifanya ukaguzi wa nambari, na Marcia Kramer alinakili ripoti hiyo.
Ripoti imegawanywa katika sehemu tatu: (1) Muhtasari; (2) Mipango Hai na Ushiriki wa Baba; (3) Mitazamo kuhusu Ubaba. Mbinu ya kina na mstari wa juu unaweza kupatikana katika viambatisho.
Vidokezo vya Istilahi
Ufafanuzi wa "baba" hutofautiana kutoka swali hadi swali katika ripoti, ili kutafakari maneno na muundo wa NSFG.
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Kwa maswali kuhusu hali ya ndoa wakati wa kuzaliwa, na ikiwa baba anaishi na mama wa watoto wake wote wa kibaolojia: "Baba" ni mdogo kwa wanaume ambao wana watoto wa kibaolojia.
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Kwa maswali kuhusu kuishi pamoja na muda unaotumiwa na watoto: "Baba" hurejelea wanaume walio na watoto 18 au chini. Kwa wakaaji wenza, "baba" hujumuisha wanaume walio na watoto wa kibiolojia, watoto wa kuasili, watoto wa kambo, au wale ambao wanaishi na watoto wa wenzi wao. Kwa wasio wakaaji wenza, "baba" hutegemea wanaume walio na watoto wa kibaolojia au wa kuasili pekee.
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Kwa maswali ya mtazamo wa NSFG na maswali kuhusu ukosefu wa watoto, "baba" inajumuisha mwanamume yeyote aliye na watoto wa kibaolojia au wa kuletwa. Kinyume chake, wanaume wasio na watoto hawana watoto wa kibaolojia au wa kuasili.
Baba yeyote anayesema kwamba mtoto wake anaishi kwa muda wote au kwa muda katika nyumba yake anachukuliwa kuwa baba "mkazi mwenza". Baba yeyote ambaye haishi na watoto wake wa kumzaa au kuasili ni baba "asiye mkazi mwenza". Ukaazi wa muda mfupi unatambulishwa na baba.
Maneno "wazungu," "weusi" na "Wamarekani Waafrika" hutumiwa kurejelea sehemu zisizo za Kihispania za idadi yao. Hispanics inaweza kuwa ya jamii yoyote.
Matokeo Mengine Muhimu
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Wanaume wana hamu kubwa ya kuwa baba… Kwa ujumla, 87% ya wanaume wenye umri wa miaka 15-44 ambao hawana watoto wanasema wanataka kupata watoto wakati fulani. Miongoni mwa wanaume wasio na watoto kati ya umri wa miaka 40-44, wengi finyu (51%) bado wanataka watoto.
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...Lakini wengi wanasema huhitaji watoto ili kuwa na furaha. Wanaume ambao hawana watoto wanakataa wazo kwamba watu hawawezi kuwa na furaha isipokuwa wawe na watoto. Ni 8% tu ya wanaume wasio na watoto wanaokubaliana na kauli hii, na hata kati ya akina baba, ni wachache tu (14%) wanaokubali kwamba watoto ni muhimu ili kuwa na furaha.
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Wengi wanasema kuwa baba ni ngumu zaidi leo kuliko ilivyokuwa kizazi kilichopita… Miongoni mwa watu wazima wote, 57% wanasema ni vigumu zaidi kuwa baba leo kuliko ilivyokuwa miaka 20 au 30 iliyopita. Ni 9% tu wanaosema kuwa baba ni rahisi zaidi leo, na 32% wanasema ni sawa. Kati ya akina baba wenyewe, 63% wanasema kazi ni ngumu sasa.
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...Lakini hakuna maafikiano iwapo baba wa leo wanahusika zaidi. Umma umegawanyika sawasawa kuhusu ikiwa baba wa leo wana jukumu kubwa au dogo katika maisha ya watoto wao ikilinganishwa na akina baba miaka 20 au 30 iliyopita. Wakati 46% wanasema akina baba wana jukumu kubwa sasa, 45% wanasema hawana jukumu sasa.
Understanding Parental Alienation and Mental Abuse: A Focus on Children and Men
We assessed 12-month prevalence and incidence data on sexual victimization in 5 federal surveys that the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted independently from 2010 through 2012. We used these data to examine the prevailing assumption that men rarely experience sexual victimization. We concluded that federal surveys detect a high prevalence of sexual victimization among men—in many circumstances similar to the prevalence found among women. We identified factors that perpetuate misperceptions about men’s sexual victimization: reliance on traditional gender stereotypes, outdated and inconsistent definitions, and methodological sampling biases that exclude inmates. We recommend changes that move beyond regressive gender assumptions, which can harm both women and men.
The sexual victimization of women was ignored for centuries. Although it remains tolerated and entrenched in many pockets of the world, feminist analysis has gone a long way toward revolutionizing thinking about the sexual abuse of women, demonstrating that sexual victimization is rooted in gender norms1 and is worthy of social, legal, and public health intervention. We have aimed to build on this important legacy by drawing attention to male sexual victimization, an overlooked area of study. We take a fresh look at several recent findings concerning male sexual victimization, exploring explanations for the persistent misperceptions surrounding it. Feminist principles that emphasize equity, inclusion, and intersectional approaches2; the importance of understanding power relations3; and the imperative to question gender assumptions4 inform our analysis.
To explore patterns of sexual victimization and gender, we examined 5 sets of federal agency survey data on this topic (Table 1). In particular, we show that 12-month prevalence data from 2 new sets of surveys conducted, independently, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) found widespread sexual victimization among men in the United States, with some forms of victimization roughly equal to those experienced by women.
Sexual Victimization of Men: What the Research Says
This annotated bibliography provides descriptions of recent research related to the sexual victimization of men. It provides an overview of sexual assault, harassment, and abuse experienced by diverse populations of men in a variety of settings. These publications can assist advocates, medical professionals, law enforcement officials, and other service providers in identifying men who may be vulnerable to sexual violence and addressing gaps in services for survivors. Research is limited to men who have survived sexual violence. There are gaps in the research on men of color (especially those who are Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Native American/ Alaska Native) and transgender men. More research is needed to fill these gaps.
News Stories
Mom loses custody for alienating dad
By Tracey Tyler LEGAL AFFAIRS REPORTER
In a stunning and unusual family law decision, a Toronto judge has stripped a mother of custody of her three children after the woman spent more than a decade trying to alienate them from their father.
The mother’s “consistent and overwhelming” campaign to brainwash the children into thinking their father was a bad person was nothing short of emotional abuse, Justice Faye McWatt of the Superior Court of Justice wrote in her decision.
The three girls, ages 9 to 14, were brought to a downtown courthouse last Friday and turned over to their father, a vascular surgeon identified only as A.L.
Their mother, a chiropodist identified as K.D., was ordered to stay away from the building during the transfer and to have her daughters’ clothing and possessions sent to their father’s house. Click here to continue
Fatherhood Psychology
"The basis of new psychology in the mind of a father."
Over the past five years, the National Saving Fatherhood Foundation has studied data on the mental repercussions of absent father syndrome. Each case or study was based on a brief survey of service given to each client, Visitor, or patient. Each one was given a test or a list of questions. And determined from a scale of one to 10 or multiple choice answers. To determine the psychological ramifications on men from the age of 18 to 55 years old. Each group or age group was given a significant amount of stress factors.
Use the link to see Studies and scientific proof of this psychology or a new form of therapy. (Tap here)->
Alexa Young, CA
“Ushuhuda hutoa hisia ya jinsi ilivyo kufanya kazi na wewe au kutumia bidhaa zako. Badilisha maandishi na uongeze yako mwenyewe."
Morgan James, NY
"Ushuhuda mzuri unaweza kuboresha taswira ya chapa yako. Bofya ili kuhariri na kuongeza yako."
Lisa Dereva, MI
"Waambie wateja wakuhakiki na kushiriki kile walichosema. Bofya ili kuhariri na kuongeza ushuhuda wao."